![]() The assessment question for meditation practice in 20 was altered substantially for 2012. These were treated separately as outcomes to create 5 outcome variables: meditation, yoga, tai chi, qigong, and any of the 4 practices. Participants were dichotomized on each outcome based on whether they reported engaging in each individual practice or any of the practices in the previous 12 months (yes/no). We used the available NHIS Alternative Health/Complementary and Alternative Medicine Supplement data for adults (aged ≥18 y) to examine workers’ 12-month engagement in the following mindfulness-based practices: 1) meditation, 2) yoga, 3) tai chi, 4) qigong, or 5) any of the 4 practices. The final annual response rates for the Adult Alternative Health Supplement during the 3 years of its administration averaged 66.5% (range, 59.4%–73.7%) ( 18). The supplement was administered to all adult participants of NHIS, and it assessed lifetime and 12-month use of various complementary and alternative health practices, including such mindfulness-based techniques as meditation and mind-body exercise activities containing a mindfulness element, such as yoga, tai chi, and qigong. In addition to the core components of NHIS, the Alternative Health/Complementary and Alternative Medicine Supplement was included in the survey during 2002, 2007, and 2012. Since 1957, the National Center for Health Statistics has conducted the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a multipurpose and multistage probability survey of the US noninstitutionalized civilian population ( Information is collected yearly through the NHIS on its participants’ sociodemographic and health characteristics. In this study, we examined the rates of engagement in common mindfulness-based practices in US workers and compared these rates for 4 major occupational categories. It is also unknown which worker subgroups have better access to such practices or could benefit from improved access to them. Rates of engagement in mindfulness-based practices among varying groups of workers are unknown. By helping employees manage stress better, mindfulness-based practices, whether formal or informal, can improve workers’ health, increase productivity, and reduce employers’ costs ( 17). Workplace stress is associated with many poor health outcomes, both mental and physical ( 12, 13) workplace stress is linked with decreased productivity, increased occupational injury, and absenteeism ( 14, 15), as well as with substantially higher medical expenditures among highly stressed employees ( 16). Mindfulness training also showed improvements in mood and sleep quality among teachers ( 11). In health care providers, mindfulness training reduced burnout, mood disturbances, and stress ( 9, 10). For example, meditation interventions targeting workers are effective at reducing work-associated stress, depression, and anxiety among full-time Australian workers ( 8). Growing evidence demonstrates the beneficial effects of mindfulness practices among workers, in terms of both physical symptoms (eg, pain) and mental well-being. ![]() MBI implementation at the workplace takes many forms, ranging from employee wellness programs to leadership training. A typical MBI program incorporates a combination of mindfulness meditation and mindful movement based primarily on yoga, with some inclusions of other mindfulness-based practices such as tai chi or qigong. This quality of mind is used and developed through varied meditation techniques and through physical movements and martial arts traditions such as yoga and tai chi. ![]() ![]() Mindfulness, the main therapeutic element of these programs, is defined as the intentional and nonjudgmental conscious awareness of the present moment ( 1). The effectiveness of MBIs for the treatment of difficult and chronic clinical problems (eg, chronic pain, mood disorders, substance abuse) ( 4– 6), as well as for stress in healthy populations ( 7), has been well demonstrated. Over the last several decades, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have gained wide recognition through such programs as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction ( 1), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy ( 2), Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention ( 3), and others.
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